When it comes to coffee, most discussions revolve around two dominant species: Arabica and Robusta. These beans have taken the spotlight for decades, becoming staples in everything from espressos to cold brews. But beyond these household names lies a world of rare and fascinating coffee beans waiting to be discovered. Among them are Excelsa and Liberica, two lesser-known yet intriguing varieties that offer a fresh perspective on coffee culture and flavor.

Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica) has its roots in Africa, specifically Liberia—hence the name. First cultivated in the late 19th century, Liberica gained global attention when a coffee leaf rust disease devastated Arabica crops in Southeast Asia. To compensate for the loss, farmers in countries like the Philippines and Malaysia turned to Liberica, a hardier species resistant to pests and diseases.

• Flavor Profile: Liberica offers a bold and distinct taste. It’s often described as fruity, floral, and woody, with a smoky or nutty aftertaste.

• Bean Size and Shape: The beans are significantly larger than Arabica or Robusta, with an asymmetrical, teardrop shape.

Despite its unique appeal, Liberica remains rare because of its lower yield and challenging growth requirements. However, it thrives in regions like the Philippines, where it is famously known as Kapeng Barako, a beloved part of local coffee traditions.

Excelsa coffee (Coffea excelsa), now classified as a variety of Liberica, is native to Southeast Asia. It accounts for a small fraction of the world’s coffee production, making it one of the rarest and most sought-after beans.

Unique Characteristics:

• Flavor Profile: Excelsa’s flavor is vibrant and complex, often blending tart, fruity, and spicy notes with a slight wine-like acidity. It’s commonly used as a blending coffee to enhance the depth and aroma of other beans.

• Bean Appearance: Smaller than Liberica but larger than Arabica, Excelsa beans have an oval shape and grow at higher altitudes.

Excelsa’s ability to surprise the palate makes it a favorite among adventurous coffee drinkers looking for an experience beyond the ordinary.

While Arabica and Robusta dominate the market due to their accessibility and consistent yields, Liberica and Excelsa represent the rich diversity of the coffee world. Their unique flavors challenge conventional notions of what coffee can be, appealing to niche markets and specialty roasters.

Moreover, these beans tell a larger story about sustainability and biodiversity. As climate change threatens traditional coffee farming, species like Liberica and Excelsa could play a vital role in preserving coffee production for future generations.

Although rare, these beans are making a quiet resurgence:

• Philippines: Kapeng Barako is the pride of Batangas and Cavite provinces.

• Malaysia and Indonesia: Liberica is cultivated on a small scale, often enjoyed in local coffee shops.

• Specialty Coffee Markets: Many third-wave coffee roasters are exploring Excelsa for its bold contribution to blends.

As the global coffee culture evolves, so does the demand for diversity and quality. By embracing rare beans like Liberica and Excelsa, coffee enthusiasts can support sustainable farming practices, empower small-scale farmers, and expand their appreciation of coffee’s limitless potential.

At Tamana Coffee, we’re inspired by these underappreciated varieties and their potential to redefine coffee experiences. Who knows? Excelsa and Liberica might soon find a special place in your cup, offering new dimensions of flavor and a deeper connection to coffee’s fascinating journey.

The next time you savor a coffee, consider exploring beyond Arabica and Robusta. There’s a world of taste, culture, and history waiting in the untold stories of Liberica and Excelsa. These beans remind us that coffee is more than just a beverage—it’s a rich tapestry of flavors and traditions that spans the globe.